Furthermore, it wasn't until 1030 that an Italian Benedictine monk named Guido d'Arezzo invented a 4-line stave, utilizing his hand to recall the lines. Lots of early medieval tunes is really a mystery. Many of us from the period of time were being illiterate, so tunes was handed on orally, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbqCyyAD1ag